EXW (Ex Works): With EXW, the seller fulfills their obligation by making the goods available at their premises. The buyer is responsible for all transportation costs, export clearance, and any risks from that point forward.

FOB (Free On Board): FOB means that the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of shipment and loading them onto the vessel. Once the goods are on board, the buyer assumes all responsibility, including transportation costs, insurance, and risk of loss or damage.

CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight): CIF requires the seller to pay for the costs and freight necessary to deliver the goods to the named destination port. However, the risk of loss or damage transfers to the buyer once the goods are loaded on the vessel.

DAP (Delivered at Place): With DAP, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to a named place of destination, ready for unloading. The seller bears all risks and costs associated with transporting the goods until they are ready for unloading by the buyer.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): DDP requires the seller to deliver the goods to the buyer’s designated place of destination, cleared for import and ready for unloading. The seller assumes all risks and costs, including duties, taxes, and customs clearance.

FCA (Free Carrier): With FCA, the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. The buyer is responsible for loading, transportation, insurance, and import clearance.

CFR (Cost and Freight): CFR requires the seller to pay for the costs and freight necessary to deliver the goods to the named port of destination. However, the risk of loss or damage transfers to the buyer once the goods are loaded on the vessel.

CPT (Carriage Paid To): With CPT, the seller pays for the carriage of goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss or damage transfers to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the carrier.

CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): CIP is similar to CPT but also includes insurance coverage for the goods during transit. The seller is responsible for arranging and paying for both the carriage and insurance to the named destination.

DAT (Delivered at Terminal): With DAT, the seller delivers the goods, unloaded, at a named terminal at the destination. The seller bears all risks and costs associated with transporting the goods to the terminal.

DAP (Delivered at Place): DAP requires the seller to deliver the goods, ready for unloading, at a named place of destination. However, the seller is not responsible for import clearance or unloading at the final destination.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): DDP is the most comprehensive Incoterm, with the seller responsible for delivering the goods, cleared for import, to the buyer’s designated place of destination, bearing all risks and costs associated with transportation, insurance, duties, and taxes.